Description
Royal Armouries Sword IX.2638. This single-edged arming sword hails from the mid-15th century, believed to have been unearthed near the site of the Battle of Castillon, close to the River Garonne in France, in 1453. Over eighty swords were reportedly recovered from this battlefield, a stark reminder of the brutal clashes that unfolded there. The Royal Armouries took stewardship of this historic weapon in 1984.
The blade is forged with a wedge-shaped cross-section and features a false edge near the tip on the back, a clever design that allows the wielder to employ both cutting and thrusting techniques effectively. Its blade is broad yet surprisingly thin, fashioned with a keen, acute edge that delivers sharp cutting power. The crossguard’s quillons curl elegantly at the ends, designed to trap or deflect an opponent’s blade during combat. The grip is offset slightly toward the back edge, enhancing handling and balance, while the squat scent-stopper pommel secures the hand comfortably on the relatively short grip. Despite the blade’s width, it handles with a lightness and agility owed to its thin profile and gradual tapering toward the point.
This particular example is a modern hand-forged reproduction crafted by a blacksmith using 1080 high-carbon steel. It is fully tempered and distally tapered to mimic the original sword’s weight distribution. The sheath consists of a wooden core wrapped in leather, reinforced at the tip by a brass chape featuring decorative cut-outs and an acorn-shaped finial. The leather extends upward at the throat, partially covering the guard near the ricasso, reflecting period construction methods. A certificate of authenticity accompanies the piece. While this sword is a faithful modern recreation, the original is preserved within the Royal Armouries Collection under Object Number IX.2638.
Sharpening and upkeep of a single-edged arming sword were often the responsibility of the warrior or their squire; a sharp edge could mean the difference between survival and defeat on the battlefield.
Fun fact: The single-edged arming sword’s design allowed knights to deliver powerful cuts with the broad blade while still maintaining the ability to thrust, making it a versatile weapon in the chaotic melee of medieval warfare.
